The XRP Ledger (XRPL) operates on a Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus protocol called the Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm (RPCA), a system fundamentally different from Proof-of-Stake (PoS) or Proof-of-Work (PoW). Validators do not compete for blocks or lock tokens to participate; instead, they confirm transactions through deterministic voting rounds. Each validator uses a trusted Unique Node [...]